Statistical analysis
A/B Testing with Paper Surveys: Sample Sizes, Significance and Odds Ratios
Plan an A/B test's sample size, collect both arms on paper, then read Fisher's exact test and the odds ratio from real PaperSurvey results.
Chi-Square, Cramér's V and P-Values: Testing Significance in Survey Cross-Tabs
Run chi-square tests of independence on survey cross-tabs in PaperSurvey, read p-values, Cramér's V and Fisher's exact test, and verify the math with free calculators.
Comparing Group Scores: T-Tests, ANOVA and Effect Sizes in Survey Analysis
Run Welch t-tests, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons, one-sample and paired t-tests on real survey data in PaperSurvey.
Correlation and Regression: Finding Relationships Between Survey Questions
How PaperSurvey computes Pearson and Spearman correlation and fits a linear regression between two survey questions, with worked numbers from a 300-person study.
CSAT, Customer Effort Score and Star Ratings: Tracking Satisfaction Beyond NPS
Compute CSAT percentages, average effort scores and weighted star ratings from paper survey data in PaperSurvey, and know when to reach for the free calculators instead.
Descriptive Statistics for Survey Data: Standard Deviation, Variance and the Right Kind of Average
How PaperSurvey computes mean, median, standard deviation, variance, standard error, coefficient of variation and more on real survey responses.
Grading Paper Tests Automatically: Scores, Weighted Points and Pass Rates
Turn on test grading in PaperSurvey, build weighted answer keys, and read scores, pass rates and score distributions computed from scanned answer sheets.
How Many Survey Responses Do You Need? Planning Sample Size, Print Runs and Response Rates
Plan how many completed responses your survey needs, size the print run, then track response and completion rates from PaperSurvey's real counts.
How to Analyze Likert Scale Data: Means, Medians, Modes and Weighted Averages
Analyze Likert scale survey data in PaperSurvey: diverging charts for agreement grids, mean, median and mode, weighted averages and top-box scores.
Is Your Test Reliable? Cronbach's Alpha, KR-20, SEM and Inter-Rater Agreement
Check the reliability of a graded PaperSurvey test with the Reliability & Consistency block, then measure two-rater agreement with Cohen's kappa from a cross-tab.
Item Analysis for Tests: Difficulty and Discrimination Index Explained
See how PaperSurvey computes item difficulty and the discrimination index for graded tests, and how to check the same numbers with the free calculators.
Margin of Error and Confidence Intervals: How Precise Are Your Survey Results?
Where PaperSurvey shows margin of error, what the built-in figure assumes, and how to turn any result into a confidence interval for a percentage or a mean.
Measuring Net Promoter Score (NPS) with Paper Surveys
Add an NPS question to a paper or web survey, read the score on the Results tab, track it with dashboard widgets, and cross-check the math with the free NPS calculator.
Percentiles, Skewness and Outliers: Finding Unusual Answers in Your Survey Data
Use quartiles, skewness, kurtosis and Tukey outlier counts in PaperSurvey to spot skewed distributions and unusual survey answers, then inspect them after export.